Sezione VIII
Endocrinologia
Craig A. Alter︎
Talia A. Hitt e Maria G. Vogiatzi
- Abreu A.P, Kaiser U.B. Pubertal development and regulation. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol . 2016;4:254–264.
- Kaplowitz P. Delayed puberty. Pediatr Rev . 2010;31(5):189–195.
- Kaplowitz P, Bloch C. , Section on Endocrinology, American Academy of Pediatrics. Evaluation and referral of children with signs of early puberty. Pediatrics . 2016;137(1):e20153732.
- Krishna K.B, Fuqua J.S, Rogol A.D, et al. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children: update by an international consortium. Horm Res Paediatr . 2019;91(6):357–372.
Elizabeth Rosenfeld e Sara E. Pinney
- Hanley P, Lord K, Bauer A.J. Thyroid disorders in children and adolescents – a review. JAMA Pediatr . 2016;170(10):1008–1019.
- Leger J, Olivieri A, Donaldson M, et al. European society for paediatric endocrinology consensus guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and management of congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2014;99(2):363–384.
- Rivkees S, Bauer A.J. Thyroid disorders in children and adolescents. In: Sperling M.A, ed. Pediatric Endocrinology . 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020:395–424.
- Salvatore D, Cohen R, Kopp P.A, Larsen P.R. Thyroid pathophysiology and diagnostic evaluation authors. In: Melmed S, Koenig R, Rosen C, Auchus R, Goldfine A, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology . 14th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020:332–363 e.6.
- van der Kaay D.C, Wasserman J.D, Palmert M.R. Management of neonates born to mothers with Graves’ disease. Pediatrics . 2016;137(4) e2015–e1878.
Brittney Newby e Edna E. Mancilla
- Carpenter T.O, et al. A clinician’s guide to X-linked hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res . 2011;26(7):1381–1388.
- Carpenter T.O, et al. Rickets. Nat Rev Dis Primers . 2017;3:17101.
- Hannan F.M, Babinsky V.N, Thakker R.V. Disorders of the calcium-sensing receptor and partner proteins: insights into the molecular basis of calcium homeostasis. J Mol Endocrinol . 2016;57(3):R127–R142.
- Munns C.F, et al. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2016;101(2):394–415.
- Roizen J, Levine M.A. Primary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents. J Chin Med Assoc . 2012;75(9):425–434.
- Underland L, Markowitz M, Gensure R. Calcium and phosphate hormones: vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Pediatr Rev . 2020;41(1):3–11.
Yesenia Sanchez-Kleinberg e Rachana Shah
- Bornstein S.R, Allolio B, Arlt W, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2016;101(2):364–389.
- Nieman L.K, Biller B.M, Findling J.W, et al. Treatment of Cushing’s syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2015;100(8):2807–2831.
Sandra Vazquez Diaz e Marissa J. Kilberg
- American Diabetes Association. 13, . Children and adolescents: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020 . Diabetes Care . 2020;43(suppl 1):S163–S182.
- Arslanian S, Bacha F, Grey M, Marcus M.D, White N.H, Zeitler P. Evaluation and management of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care . 2018;41(12):2648–2668.
- Chiang J.L, Maahs D.M, Garvey K.C, et al. Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care . 2018;41(9):2026–2044.
- Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, , Nathan D.M, Genuth S, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med . 1993;329(14):977–986.
- Gregory J.M, Moore D.J, Simmons J.H. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics in Review . 2013;34(5):203–215.
- Hamman R.F, Bell R.A, Dabelea D, et al. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study: rationale, findings, and future directions. Diabetes Care . 2014;37(12):3336–3344.
- ISPAD, . Clinical practice consensus guidelines 2018. Pediatric Diabetes . 2018;19(suppl 27).
- Jefferies C.A, Nakhla M, Derraik J.G, Gunn A.J, Daneman D, Cutfield W.S. Preventing diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Clin North Am . 2015;62(4):857–871.
- Kuppermann N, Ghetti S, Schunk J.E, et al. Clinical trial of fluid infusion rates for pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med . 2018;378(24):2275–2287.
- Lawrence S.E, Cummings E.A, Gaboury I, Daneman D. Population-based study of incidence and risk factors for cerebral edema in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr . 2005;146(5):688–692.
Herodes Guzman e Katherine Lord
- De León D.D, Thorton P, Stanley C.A, Sperling M.A. Hypoglycemia in the newborn and infant. In: Sperling M.A, ed. Pediatric Endocrinology . 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2020.
- Lord K, De León D.D. Hyperinsulinism in the neonate. Clin Perinatol . 2018;45:61–75.
- Palladino A.A, Stanley C.A. A specialized team approach to diagnosis and medical versus surgical treatment of infants with congenital hyperinsulinism. Semin Pediatric Surg . 2011;20:32–37.
- Stanley C.A. Hypoglycemia in the neonate. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev . 2006;4(suppl):76–81.
- Thornton P.S, Stanley C.A, De León D.D, et al. Recommendations from the Pediatric Endocrine Society for evaluation and management of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates, infants and children. J Pediatr . 2015;167(2):238–245.
- Wolfsdorf J.I, Stanley C.A, Sperling M.A. Hypoglycemia in the toddler and child. In: Sperling M.A, ed. Pediatric Endocrinology . 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2020.
Camilia Kamoun e Adda Grimberg
- Braun L.R, Marino R. Disorders of growth and stature. Pediatr Rev . 2017;38(7):293–304.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Growth Charts, United States. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts.
- Collett-Solberg P.F, et al. Diagnosis, genetics, and therapy of short stature in children: a growth hormone research society international perspective. Horm Res Paediatr . 2019;92(1):1–4.
- Greulich W.W, Pyle S.I. Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist . Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.
- Grimberg A, Feemster K.A, Pati S. Medically underserved girls receive less evaluation for short stature. Pediatrics . 2011;127(4):696–702.
- Grimberg A, Kutikov J.K, Cucchiara A.J. Sex differences in patients referred for evaluation of poor growth. J Pediatr . 2005;146:212–216.
- Grimberg A, Lindberg A, Wajnrajch M, Cucchiara A.J, Camacho-Hübner C. Racial/ethnic disparities in US pediatric growth hormone treatment. Horm Res Paediatr . 2018;90(2):102‐108.
- Hawkes C.P, Grimberg A. Insulin-like growth factor-I is a marker for the nutritional state. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev . 2015;13(2):499–511.
- Sandberg D.E, Gardner M. Short stature: is it a psychosocial problem and does changing height matter? Pediatric Clinics . 2015;62(4):963–982.
- Tanner J.M, Goldstein H, Whitehouse R.H. Standards for children’s height at ages 2-9 years allowing for height of parents. Arch Dis Child . 1970;45:755–762.
- Tanner J.M, et al. Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW2 Method) . New York: Academic Press; 1975.
Stephanie Green e Amanda M. Ackermann
- Goff D.A, Higinio V, Serwint J.R. Hypernatremia. Pediatr Rev . 2009;30(10):412–413.
- Kliegman R, Stanton B, St Geme JW III, Schor N.F, Behrman R.E, Nelson W.E. Fluid and electrolyte disorders; The endocrine system . In Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020.
- Reid-Adam J. Hyponatremia. Pediatr Rev . 2013;34(9):417–419.
- Sperling M.A. Disorders of the posterior pituitary . In Pediatric Endocrinology . Philadelphia: Elsevier / Saunders; 2014.